Eiffel, Gustave (1832–1923) Quick reference
The Oxford Dictionary of Architecture (3 ed.)
..., Gustave ( 1832–1923 ) French engineer , best known for the iron tower bearing his name erected for the 1889 Paris Exhibition. Whilst the Eiffel Tower was an important step in the use of exposed metal for architectural purposes, Eiffel made other significant contributions, notably in bridge-building throughout Europe, South America, and Indo-China (his railway-bridge over the Truyère at Garabit, France ( 1880–4 ), was an example of his technical mastery). He was consultant for the Paris Exhibitions ( 1867 and 1878 ), and devised a theory of how...
Eiffel, Gustave (1832–1923) Reference library
The New Oxford Companion to Literature in French
..., Gustave ( 1832–1923 ). Engineer , designer of numerous major projects, in particular the 300‐metre metal tower on the Champ‐de‐Mars which bears his name and was constructed for the Exhibition of 1889 (to commemorate the Revolution). The Oxford Companion to French Literature describes it as ‘intrinsically hideous’ but possessing ‘a beauty of familiarity which defies aesthetic standards’; it has seemed to many writers and artists of the 20th c. the very symbol of modernity (see the paintings of Robert Delaunay or the opening of Apollinaire 's...
Eiffel, Gustave (1832–1923) Reference library
Brian Carter
The Oxford Companion to Architecture
..., Gustave ( 1832–1923 ) French engineer , who made significant contributions to the design of complex structures by using wrought iron in innovative ways. Utilizing small repetitive pieces of angle sections and flat bars riveted together to create lattice trusses, he was able to devise a series of large three-dimensional constructions that maximized the strength of the material while reducing weight. He realized that, visually, in such structures, the voids were more important than the solids. Eiffel is best known as the designer of the 324 m (1,063...
Gustave Eiffel
Eiffel Tower
Champ de Mars
Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi
engineering and architecture
Pierre Lacotte
Victor Horta
bridge
republicanism
Eiffel Tower Quick reference
World Encyclopedia
... Tower Landmark built for the Paris Exposition ( 1889 ). Designed by Alexandre Gustave Eiffel , the iron tower rises 300m (984ft). Lifts and stairs lead to observation...
Statue of Liberty Quick reference
World Encyclopedia
...copper statue of a woman, standing on Liberty Island, New York City harbour. A symbol of US democracy, it was a gift from France, and was built ( 1876 ) to commemorate the centenary of US independence. It was designed by Bartholdi on an iron framework designed and built by Gustave Eiffel . The statue's official name is Liberty Enlightening the World . It stands 45m (150ft) tall to the top of the torch in the goddess's raised right...
Eiffel Tower Reference library
Robin Lenman
The Oxford Companion to the Photograph
... Tower . An originally 300 m (984 ft) tall iron structure designed by the French engineer Alexandre Gustave Eiffel ( 1832–1923 ) for the entrance to the 1889 Exposition Universelle on the Paris Champ de Mars. It became a symbol of the modern French capital and, thanks mainly to photography, the world's ultimate tourist icon. Its construction ( 1887–89 ) was recorded by Petit Pierre ( 1832–1909 ), Henri Rivière ( 1864–1951 ) and Louis-Émile Durandelle , whose Eiffel Tower album, now in the Musée d'Orsay, includes group photographs of the workforce,...
Bartholdi, Frédéric-Auguste (2 Apr. 1834) Reference library
The Oxford Dictionary of Art (3 ed.)
...Enlightening the World (the Statue of Liberty), in New York Harbour, which was presented by France to the USA to commemorate the alliance between the two countries during the American Revolution. Made of copper sheets riveted around an iron framework designed by the engineer Gustave Eiffel, the figure was constructed in 1875–84 , dismantled for shipping across the Atlantic, then reassembled and dedicated in 1886...
Bartholdi, Frédéric-Auguste Quick reference
The Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (5 ed.)
...Enlightening the World (the Statue of Liberty) in New York Harbor, which was presented by France to the USA to commemorate the alliance between the two countries during the American Revolution. Made of copper sheets riveted around an iron framework designed by the engineer Gustave Eiffel, the figure was constructed in 1875–84 , dismantled for shipping across the Atlantic, then reassembled and dedicated in 1886...
