
1989 Reference library
David Ost
The Oxford Companion to Comparative Politics
Starting with roundtable negotiations in Poland in February and culminating in the fall of the Berlin Wall in November, 1989

1989 Reference library
David Ost
The Oxford Companion to International Relations
Improbably, the major international developments of 1989 were all on display in the headlines of a single day, 4 June.

9/11 Reference library
Michael Cox
The Oxford Companion to International Relations
Judging the significance of any major event is never easy. Inevitably, new events come along to make what once appeared

9/11 Reference library
Michael Cox
The Oxford Companion to American Politics
Judging the significance of any major event is never easy. Inevitably, new events come along to make what once appeared

9/11 Reference library
Michael Cox
The Oxford Companion to Comparative Politics
Judging the significance of any major event is never easy. Inevitably, new events come along to make what once appeared

Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought, The Royal Reference library
Joseph A. Kéchichian
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics
The Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought is an independent non-governmental institute headquartered in Amman, Jordan, whose ultimate purpose

AB 540 Reference library
Hinda Seif
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Latinos and Latinas in Contemporary Politics, Law, and Social Movements
AB 540 (Assembly Bill 540; California Education Code 68130.5) is a bill signed into law in California in 2001 that

Abangan Reference library
William E. Shepard
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics
The term Abangan is applied to Javanese who identify as Muslims but do not strictly follow the prescribed Islamic practices.

Abbas, Mahmoud (1935–) Quick reference
A Dictionary of Politics in the Middle East
Chairman of the *Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) since 2004 and President of the *Palestinian National Authority

ʿAbbāsid Caliphate Reference library
Hugh Kennedy and Ken Burnside
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics
The rise of the ʿAbbāsid caliphate was the first fissure in Islamic culture; it would eventually result in the Shīʿī

ABC Reference library
Oxford Companion to Australian Politics
The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (formerly Commission) (ABC) has been defined as the ‘national’ broadcaster in broadcasting legislation since

ʿAbd al-Rāziq, ʿAlī (1888–1966) Reference library
Laith Saud
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics
ʿAbd al-Rāziq's contribution to Islamic political thought is his most enduring, as well as ambiguous, legacy. In 1925, his

Abdu, Muhammad (1849–1905) Quick reference
A Dictionary of Politics in the Middle East
Egyptian religious scholar and one of the founders of Islamic modernism. A student of Jamal al-Din al-Afghani at Al-Azhar

ʿAbduh, Muḥammad (1849–1905) Reference library
Scott Morrison
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics
whose opinions and convictions were firmly based in the possibility of synthesizing Islam and modernity.
The historical, intellectual, and political

Abdülhamid II Reference library
Engin Deniz Akarli
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics
Abdülhamid II, (1842–1918), was the thirty-fourth Ottoman sultan (r. 1876–1909). A profound political and economic crisis brought

Abdullah I (1882–1951) Quick reference
A Dictionary of Politics in the Middle East
Emir of Transjordan between 1921 and 1946 and King of Jordan from 1946 to 1951. The son of *

Abdullah II (1962–) Quick reference
A Dictionary of Politics in the Middle East
King of Jordan since 1999, Abdullah II became King after his father, *Hussein bin Talal, altered the

Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj, Tunku (8 Feb. 1903) Quick reference
A Dictionary of Political Biography (2 ed.)
A son of the Sultan of Kedah, the Tunku was educated at schools in Bangkok, Alor Setar, at the Penang

Abington School District v. Schempp Reference library
The Oxford Guide to the United States Government
• 374 U.S. 203 (1963) • Vote: 8–1 • For the Court: Clark • Concurring: Brennan, Douglas

Aboriginal economic development Reference library
Oxford Companion to Australian Politics
Since 1788 and the European colonisation of Australia, the continental population has grown rapidly and national income has increased, making